Job Offset in a CNC Milling Machine

Job Offset in a CNC Milling Machine (a) Introduction 3.1 This narrative is based on my final year project, completed as a part of my bachelors degree in Mechanical Engineering at Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering (Anna University affiliated) Tamil Nadu, India. The project on Job offset in a CNC milling machine was carried out at Tractors and Farm Equipment Private Limited (TAFE), Tamil Nadu, India and was performed between the months of Jan, 2014 to April, 2014. (b) Background The final year project is a mandatory unit for the bachelor of engineering degree which has to be completed in a group of four as a part of the curriculum. I did this along with three others who were with me during the last semester of my degree. During the course of the project, I presented several presentations and seminars according to the guidelines of Anna University. The project was done in order to reduce the defects during production at Tractors and Farm Equipment Limited (TAFE). With increasing competition in all fields and industries, the market demands zero defect products. In order to facilitate this, I implemented the poka-yoke scheme to reduce the production defects by using simple cost effective techniques. In a machine cell, the quality of machining should be inspected after each machining. After every machining, the quality of product gets reduced due to the formation of the burr which further leads to an offset in the next job. This offset causes the quality loss in machining and hence the product dimensions have a slight deviation from the actual dimension. The nature of my work was to design a pneumatic system which alerts the machine operator if an offset was detected. The project was supervised under Mr. Manoj Kumar Roy, the assistant professor in the department of Mechanical Engineering at Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering. I also did extensive literature research on total quality management techniques and came up with this poka-yoke strategy for mistake proofing to prevent defects. Some of the core principle duties of this project incorporated the following: During the course of the project, I attended meetings with my project coordinator and my team mates to discuss the progress of our project. I also coordinated several formal and informal group meeting with my group members to discuss on any problems encountered during the course of the project. I presented seminars and reports as a part of my bachelors degree curriculum. I referred to a number of papers to collect information on the poka-yoke scheme. I performed a plant quality analysis to analyze the number of product defects in a particular year. I prepared a report on the observations made by each member of the team. (c) Personal Engineering Activity The ever increasing production demands for a zero defect product quality. This has given rise to various techniques for quality management. Among different techniques, I selected the poka-yoke technique which is a Japanese improvement strategy for mistake-proofing to prevent defects from arising during production processes. I selected this technique because of its simplicity and efficiency in a cost efficient manner. I performed an analysis to determine the major causes of defects in order to device ways to reduce or eliminate them. I found that, the errors are often due to the misunderstanding, incorrect identification, could be good intentions but improperly implemented such as processing errors, error in setting up the work piece, assembly omissions, a wrong part was included, wrong work piece, errors in preparation of tools, equipment maintenance errors, operational errors, dimensional errors, fixtures, blades. etc. All these errors was prevented by the application of the poka-yoke technique. I prepared a flow chart (figure 1) for the methodology to be followed for mistake proofing. I referred to a number of papers to learn more about the concept of poka-yoke. I found out that poka-yoke can be classified into three types as shutdown poka-yoke, warning poka-yoke and control poka-yoke. I analyzed the sales profile of the company for its various products: transmission casing, front axle line, centre housing line and differential casing line. Figure 1: Methodology of mistake proofing I applied the poka-yoke technique for the elimination of errors in a CNC milling, drilling and boring machines. A milling machine is a fully computer controlled vertical mill with the spindle moving vertically along the Z axis. The first equipment that I designed for the elimination of errors in the CNC milling machine was the pneumatic air filter. Figure 2: Pneumatic air filter In the compressed air system, hard particles tends to damage the equipment and piping. The result is damage to the system and more particles are generated. The pneumatic air filter helps eliminate these impurities. The next equipment which I suggested for the machine was the mist collector. The mist collector works on mechanism of inertial impaction, interception and Brownian diffusion. I also included the use of an air pressure regulator which is a valve that automatically cuts off the flow of a liquid or gas at a certain pressure. I designed an air micro switch which is a switching device used for detecting the displacement of work piece and is kept on a machine while machining. It applies the principle of air micrometers, and can detect the seating of the objects without contact. It is designed in such a way to work in any harsh conditions, so that it can be placed inside the drilling machine. The back pressure that is received from the sensed components was allowed to hit a diaphragm which then deforms to give the pressure output. If the pressure received was large enough to move the air switch upwards, it closed the circuit and hence the operator could be alerted. However, the output current that was produced by the sensor was very low and hence to amplify the output signal, I placed a PNP transistor inside the sensor. The transistor amplifies the current and sends it to the output. Figure 3: Circuit diagram and specification of PNP transistor Similarly, pneumatic coupler, pneumatic manifold, rest pad and relay circuits were also added. Figure 4: Schematic of the components used in the machine The project was mainly intended to alert the machine operator if a job was not seated correctly on the CNC machine. The clamps that hold the job in the CNC milling machine would not work unless the proper seating takes place. The minimal gap allowed was 10 microns. Beyond that the relay switches off the clamping circuit. The shut off valve cuts off the pneumatic circuit in case of any emergencies. The mist separator was used to absorb the moisture content present in the air. The purpose of air filter was to remove the impurities present in the air which could cause damage to the machine during operation. The air pressure is regulated by the regulator passing through the air filter. This prevents damage to the machine. The air micro switch acts as the sensor. If the pressure that was received from the device was not sufficient enough, then the clamping circuit would be disengaged. Pneumatic coupler connects the air supply with the pneumatic manifold. The purpose of the manifold was to divide the supply of air to multiple channels. Rest pads or Butt pads are the provisions provided on the machine for the job to be seated. The main objective of this project was to provide mistake proofing to a CNC machine. I was able to execute this by making changes to the existing horizontal milling machine. I analyzed the defective product after the implementation of the project. The implementation of the project leads to the decrease in rejection of the machined products by 3% and have considerably increased the production rate. Finally, a master report was submitted to our department head. I also underwent an oral viva voce examination where I had to present my part of the project briefly and answered questions about various aspects of the project. (d) Summary This project in my engineering career helped me comprehend valuable principles of working together as a team and presented me the opportunity to understand and implement my theoretical knowledge into practice. I understood the importance of working as team and the need to step up as a leader when necessary. I gained profound knowledge in total quality management, seminars and presentations which boosted my confidence during the course of the project. The project was completed in time and well within budget. It also provided me a great exposure with company personnel and I benefitted a great deal from the interactions with company superiors.

Image of Filipino Women Essay

Like in Estrella Alfon’s Magnificence; she illustrated that Filipino women are tough when it is for her children; while Lumnay was very weak and couldn’t accept her husband’s marriage to another woman. . Filipino women could stand and hold firm on her virtues and ideals. No matter what the consequences are, they stand for what is right. Sometimes they are mocked and insulted because of their ideals. But these women, like Miss Noel stood determined to continue what she has started and what she was fighting for. Esperanza is also a woman of virtue. She despises sleeping with a man to whom you’re not married. Some Filipino women are very innocent when it comes to hardships, emotions or other things surrounding them. Majority of these women were born or they belonged to middle class family. They haven’t experienced difficulties while growing up. While some women are oblivious to difficulties and hardships, some are introduced to it a very young age. They sacrificed their happiness for the sake of their family and loved ones. They think of everything as they’re responsibility and it affects their way of thinking, their social life and even their marital life. Filipino women are generous and very caring. They support their family through thick and thin. They will never let their family down especially when it comes to children. They are also very sweet and understanding, Filipinas are also very jealous, they are very possessive not only on the material things but also with their loved ones, especially the mothers. There are also this conservative God-fearing Filipinas. They have principles and won’t go against it. There are many more character traits a Filipina could have, but whatever the point is, Filipinas are raised differently and you could see it by the way they talk or move. Filipino women may look independent and wise but still, they need to feel deserve to be respected and cared for. They need to be loved and feel loved.

Unusual Facts About Good Topics for a Comparison and Contrast Essay Should Uncovered by Industry Leaders

Unusual Facts About Good Topics for a Comparison and Contrast Essay Should Uncovered by Industry Leaders The Argument About Good Topics for a Comparison and Contrast Essay Should There are many possible compare and contrast essay topics, and a number of them are difficult to perform. So now you understand how to select the best compare and contrast topics and the various segments you have to address when writing. When selecting an essay topic, learn more regarding the target audience beforehand. While contrast essay asks you to make a sort of the subject or the way to write compare and contrast essays. You can begin with the form of topic you select for your compare and contrast essay. It might be necessary to liaise with other people to recognize the good compare and contrast essay topics. A number of the essay topics below may appear to contain subjects that don't have anything in common. You see it is an unusual topic that might be quite challenging to imagine or explain, but some students might just turn that topic into a masterpiece. Students will discover some excellent points and ideas essential for the maturation of a very good school or college comparative essay. College students are our very first category. Students who excel in writing about such complex topic can have an opportunity to be enrolled into a number of the ideal Art universities to come up with their abilities and talent. You cannot do both, as it's going to be too confusing for your readers. After you have read our helpful on-line article, we'd like to provide something you couldn't even imagine. You have to research your topic to select three claims. Enough practice in reading and writing will supply you with an additional advantage. Evaluation The next step is an easy analysis of everything that you've written down. The very first thing you ought to do is identify the sort of compare and contrast essay that you're handling. You must present your topic, naturally, and also your thesis statement that has the function of indicating to your readers what is the probable path of the whole work. By comparison, a weak topic sentence will cause an unorganized paragraph, and the reader is going to be confused because the support or details won't be focused. Try to remember that every paragraph should end with a conclusion that's a quick sentence showing the principal idea of the section. It is crucial to choose a minumum of one example and produce a paragraph with the counter-argument too. The topic sentence demands that student plan what they're attempting to prove in the paragraph before the draft. Placing the topic sentence at the launch of a paragraph makes sure that the reader knows precisely what information will be presented. Check with the organizers as you compose the essay. Introduction with the highly effective hook and thesis statement stays the same. To compose a high-quality paper, you've got to understand how to pick your topic properly and utilize it to create a practical outline. It is possible to use any as the subject of your essay particularly when you're not assigned any specific theme. You may also order a fully written compare and contrast essay and alleviate the quantity of work you must do. The introd uction ought to be employed to make a general outline of the comparison research paper. To collect such info, a detailed main research is needed. To begin with, both issues for comparison have to supply major material for the research. Then again, you could be made to compare things which do not have that much in common. You may also choose 1 topic at this time and get started practicing. The topic sentence shouldn't be too general or too specific. You may discuss a feeling of taste and the book of your favourite author. Both tablets and textbooks have numerous benefits and a few disadvantages at the identical time. You might need to try out a couple distinct formats for your topic to be able to choose which best suits your subject. Both have a vast selection of expensive, elegant restaurants in addition to a similar number of global and national chains. Both small and big universities can provide students with the opportunities to realize educational targets. The Most Popular Good Topics for a Comparison and Contrast Essay Should Investigate two kinds of cancer that you've heard about. The usage of effect ways to influence or change while using effect usually means the outcome. In many sections of text's key body you are going to demonstrate different contrast or compare points. If you're into technology, then it's possible to write a paper at which you'll compare similarities or name differences between the two sorts of smartphones.

A Lecture At The George Washington University - 1142 Words

The Chairman’s first lecture at The George Washington University highlighted the damage deflation caused during the Great Depression. The gold standard and errors by monetary policymakers in the period exacerbated a difficult situation and allowed deflationary forces to spread financial distress and panic in the banking sector. The Chairman argued that had the Federal Reserve expanded the money supply during the Great Depression, deflation could have abated and the severity of the financial crisis would have been avoided. In recent years, deflation has returned to the forefront of economic discussions as an increasing number of economies have faced the potential of falling prices. Deflation is a serious concern of monetary policymakers.†¦show more content†¦The lectures covered the extended period of low interest rates from 2002-2004 and the unorthodox policies taken during and after the financial crisis, in part to avoid a deflationary spiral. One of the most consistent defenses against deflation is for a central bank to target an inflation rate greater than zero. The Federal Reserve’s current inflation target is 2% and has informally been at that rate for quite some time. This nonzero target provides a cushion for policymakers: should inflation decrease due to an unexpected shock to aggregate demand, prices should not immediately start falling. This allows policymakers to act with easy money when inflation reaches 1 or 0%, thus avoiding deflation. Yet, during the last two recessions in the United States, the 2% inflation rate did not prevent significant fear of deflation. Extraordinary action was required, and many economists argue that the low interest rate policy following the 2001-2002 recession contributed to the housing bubble that was inflating at that time. It is not yet known what the impact will be from the unorthodox policies taken in response to deflation fears in 2009-2010. Based on these experie nces, it may be time to consider alternative inflation targets to provide greater insulation from deflationary pressures. Policy Proposal: Increase the